https://jame.iut.ac.ir/ Journal of Advanced Materials in Engineering en daily 1 Wed, 23 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Wed, 23 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3665.html Introduction and Objectives: As the largest organ exposed to the external environment, the skin is highly susceptible to disruption due to trauma, burns, wounds, surgical interventions, chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes), or inflammatory dermatological reactions. The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize silk fibroin-lignin nanofiber dressings for the treatment of diabetic wounds.Materials and Methods: Initially, silk fibroin was extracted from silkworm cocoons and nanofibers were fabricated at a voltage of 20 kV using lignin at ratios ranging from 1:5 and 1:6 and 1:7. Subsequently, the nanofibers were immersed in 96% ethanol for 30 minutes to carry out the crosslinking process. In the first step, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to investigate the morphological features. Then, mechanical, physical, antioxidant, cellular, and antibacterial evaluations were performed to assess the properties of an ideal wound dressing.Results: The results revealed that the composite fibers were uniform in structure across different ratios and possessed nanometer-scale diameters. The swelling rate of the composite samples increased from 359.99 ± 37.53% in pure silk fibroin samples to 468.37 ± 63.47%, indicating favorable stability. Antioxidant and antibacterial assays demonstrated that the addition of lignin enhanced both antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Furthermore, cell viability assessments showed that the presence of lignin did not exert any detrimental effects on the cells, and cell proliferation and growth were observed on the surface of the samples.Conclusion: Since achieving an ideal wound dressing requires critical biological properties, these nanofibers due to their hydroxyl and methoxy phenolic groups in lignin exhibit unique advantages in physical properties, antioxidant activity, antibacterial effects, and cell adhesion. These characteristics make them a promising candidate for biomedical applications, particularly wound healing, and tissue regeneration. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3688.html Introduction and Objectives: Ceramics based calcium silicate such as Akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7) are suitable bioactive materials for bone tissue engineering applications. However, they suffer from poor mechanical properties. So, additives like graphene or its derivatives are used. In this regard, in this study, reduced graphene oxide (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by weight) has been employed as a reinforcement. Materials and Methods: The mixture of raw materials (akermanite and reduced graphene oxide to the desired ratio) went through various preparation stages followed by sintering process and finally, the sintered samples were characterized.Results: By increasing the weight percentage of reduced graphene oxide from zero (control sample) to 1.5 wt. %, a decrease in relative density from 94.9% to 89.3% and a reduction in compressive strength from 13 to 8 Mpa was observed. Toughness increased from 1.9 for the control sample to 4.2 for the 1 wt.% sample, it decreased to 2.7 MPa.m1/2 for a 1.5 wt.% sample, though. Similarly, the hardness increased from 435 for the control sample to 588 Vickers for the 1 wt.% sample, and decreased to 308 Vickers for the 1.5 wt.% sample.Conclusion: Among the composite specimens, the most homogeneous microstructure was related to the 1 wt.% sample with the highest mechanical properties (toughness and hardness). Graphene oxide not only does not prevent the formation of the apatite layer, but also encourages the formation of dense and fine apatite deposits on the surface of the composite sample. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3737.html Introduction and Objectives: In the present study, a detailed study of the structural and phase changes of the Zirconium-based bulk metallic glasses during annealing process and its effect on the mechanical properties has been conducted.Materials and Methods: In this regard, Zr65Cu15Ti13Ni7 bulk metallic samples with dimensions of 2×30×30 mm3 were prepared using arc melting followed by injection casting in water-cooled copper mold. The heat treatment process has been done for prepared samples at 250-550 oC for 2 h. The resulting structures were examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffractometry, and the mechanical behavior was investigated by performing a tensile test using an Instron testing machine. Results: The results showed heat treatment process at a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature can be effective in improving mechanical properties by increasing the number of shear bands. However, heat treatment at higher temperatures leads to the precipitation of CuZr and Cu10Zr7 intermetallic compounds, which greatly affect the mechanical properties and lead to a sharp decrease in tensile strength and elongation. Conclusion: The optimal heat treatment temperature was determined to be 250 °C, which leads to an increase in fracture strength to 1710 MPa and plastic ductility up to 1.65%. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3738.html Introduction and Objectives: One effective approach for enhancing the mechanical properties of metal matrix composites is the design of architected layered heterogeneous structures. Hence, the present study aimed to develop aluminum matrix hybrid composites reinforced with SiC ceramic particles and iron-based amorphous particles, featuring a heterogeneous layered architecture and to investigate their mechanical properties.Materials and Methods: The heterogeneous structure comprised alternating layers of pure aluminum and composite material with varying thicknesses, fabricated via powder metallurgy using spark plasma sintering (SPS). The microstructural and phase characteristics of the composites were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties was subsequently analyzed.Results: Microstructural analyses, including porosity evaluation and density measurements, demonstrated enhanced densification during sintering with increasing pure aluminum layer thickness. In addition, the distribution of reinforcement particles was improved by increasing the volume fraction of the pure aluminum layers relative to the composite layers. Phase analysis of all sintered samples confirmed the preservation of the amorphous nature of the iron-based reinforcement particles and revealed no evidence of interfacial reaction products at the reinforcement–matrix interfaces. Mechanical experiments showed a favorable combination of high strength and ductility, with a compressive strength of up to 191 MPa and a fracture strain of 20% in samples with a higher volume fraction of composite layers. Furthermore, increased ductility was observed with a higher volume fraction of pure aluminum layers.Conclusion: The introduction of a layered heterogeneous architecture in the hybrid composite, through modification of consolidation behavior and reinforcement particle distribution, resulted in superior mechanical properties compared to those of the homogeneous composite. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3743.html Introduction and Objectives: In this study, the microstructural and mechanical properties of dissimilar resistance spot welds between DP590 and HSLA440 steels were investigated, with a focus on the effect of welding current. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, steel sheets were prepared in accordance with AWS D1.1 standard. Welding was performed using currents ranging from 7 to 11 kA (in 1 kA increments), followed by mechanical testing and characterization. Tensile shear tests were conducted at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, and hardness tests were carried out for the 8 and 10 kA welds. Furthermore, fracture surface and weld microstructure analyses were performed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Results: Weld nugget was mainly consisted of lath martensite; its volume fraction increased with current and decreased toward base metal. In DP590, the supercritical and intercritical regions were martensitic and the subcritical region was tempered. In HSLA440, the supercritical regions showed martensite, the intercritical regions showed a combination of martensite and ferrite, and the subcritical region showed grain growth.Tensile strength enhanced from 10.84 kN (for 7 kA) to 24.34 kN (for 10 kA). Fracture mode shifted from interfacial to pull-out above 9 kA. Hardness increased with current, peaking at 430 HV (10 kA).Conclusion: An increase in welding current caused to increase in nugget size and peak load. Also, softening was more pronounced on the HSLA440 side. The sample welded at a current of 10 kA with a tensile failure mode and maximum strength, hardness, and elongation was the optimal sample. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3744.html Introduction and Objectives: Cordierite ceramics (Mg2Al4Si5O18) are recognized as advanced dielectric materials due to their low dielectric constant, very low dielectric loss, high thermal stability, and optimal performance in microwave and millimeter-wave frequency ranges. These materials are utilized in fifth- and sixth-generation (5G and 6G) communication systems. This study investigates the simultaneous substitution effects of Mn⁴⁺ and Ni²⁺ cations for Al³⁺ on the densification, crystalline structure, microstructure, mixing entropy (ΔSmixing), and dielectric properties of cordierite ceramics.Materials and Methods: Samples with different substitution levels (0, 0.25, and 0.50) were prepared by the solid-state synthesis method and subsequently sintered at various temperatures. Phase and microstructural analyses were carried out using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. A network analyzer was employed to measure the dielectric properties at microwave frequencies. In addition, the mixing entropy and lattice distortion were measured, analyzed, and discussed.Results: It was observed that substituting Mn4+ and Ni2+ for Al3+ results in achieving the maximum density at a temperature about 100 °C lower than that of pure cordierite. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicated that a complete solid solution is formed at x=0.25, whereas increasing x to 0.50 results in the appearance of a secondary phase, Mg1.16Mn0.84Si2O6, in addition to the cordierite phase. Microstructural observations also revealed that the average grain size increases with higher substitution levels. The optimal microwave dielectric properties were obtained for Mg2Al3.75(Mn4+Ni4+)0.25Si5O18, with εᵣ= 4.58, Q×f =107333 GHz, and τf = –14.7 ppm/°C, while the value of ΔSmixing was measured to be 2.30 J/mol · K.Conclusion: Controlled substitution of Mn4+ and Ni2+ at an appropriate sintering temperature enables simultaneous optimization of dielectric properties and thermal stability. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3745.html Introduction and Objectives: Considering the increasing need for biocompatible materials in medicine, designing hydrogels with optimal mechanical and biological properties has become important. Polymeric hydrogels, such as polyvinyl alcohol, are widely used in medical applications due to their biocompatibility, high swelling capacity, and mechanical properties similar to those of body tissues. Incorporating nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide, can further enhance their properties. In this study, for the first time, the effect of different physical crosslinking methods and the addition of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the mechanical and biological properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels was investigated.Materials and Methods: Nanocomposite hydrogels containing different percentages of zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared by two different physical methods, with and without a cross-linking agent. A combination of these two methods was also used. The morphology and structure of the hydrogels were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The mechanical properties and biocompatibility were evaluated by tensile testing and cell viability measurement for biological applications.Results: The hydrogel containing 15% zinc oxide nanoparticles, prepared with the cross-linking agent and the freeze–thaw method, showed the highest tensile strength (37.5 MPa), elongation at break (55%), storage modulus (23 MPa), and cell viability (70%). The microscopic images and spectroscopy results indicated the formation of a strong hydrogel network and strong hydrogen bonds, which improved the mechanical and biological properties. In addition, increasing the percentage of zinc oxide nanoparticles enhanced the biocompatibility of the samples.Conclusion: A suitable combination of the preparation method and the amount of zinc oxide nanoparticles can improve the mechanical and biological properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels and make these materials suitable for medical and biological applications. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3689.html Introduction and Objectives: Keratin coatings have attracted attention as a novel solution for controlling the rate of substrate degradation and corrosion and enhancing bone regeneration due to their unique properties. The aim of the present study is to develop a keratin coating on magnesium alloy in order to control its corrosion behavior. Materials and Methods: In this study, keratin was extracted from pigeon feathers following the protocol described in previous research. To enhance substrate adhesion, the magnesium alloy was alkalized prior to coating. The morphology and thickness of the keratin coating were optimized by varying the electrospray duration (30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to confirm the successful extraction of keratin, while potentiodynamic polarization tests were conducted to assess the corrosion resistance of the coated samples. Results: The infrared spectroscopy results revealed characteristic peptide bonds corresponding to amide I (1635 cm⁻¹), amide II (1531 cm⁻¹), and amide III (1238 cm⁻¹). Furthermore, the water contact angle of samples coated with keratin for 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes decreased progressively to 54 ± 1°, 49 ± 2°, 45 ± 2°, and 41 ± 0.5°, respectively, indicating enhanced surface wettability. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate modifications in surface properties such as roughness and wettability, along with a significant enhancement in the corrosion resistance of AZ91 alloy coated with keratin. This improvement is attributed to the formation of an effective physical barrier and the excellent biocompatibility of keratin, suggesting its potential for broad applications in the medical field. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3704.html Introduction and Objectives: Detecting the CD8⁺ T cell biomarker—a key indicator of immunological diseases—is often slow with current methods. This research aims to develop a sensitive, accurate, and easy-to-use electrochemical biosensor, utilizing reduced graphene oxide and polypyrrole nanocomposite, for on-site, sensitive, accurate, and rapid detection of CD8⁺ T cells.Materials and Methods: The polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide composite was deposited onto the sensor's working electrode using cyclic voltammetry with 15, 20, and 25 cycles, corresponding to sample codes A15, A20, and A25. To prepare the sample containing the polypyrrole and graphene oxide composite with the selected number of cycles under a UV lamp (sample code B20), the same procedure was repeated, followed by characterization of the samples. Antibody immobilization was then performed on the developed electrode, and sensor performance was assessed using differential pulse voltammetry.Results: FESEM imaging revealed that the sample A20 had a more uniform and porous surface morphology compared to the sample B20. According to the differential pulse voltammetry results, an increase in the concentration of CD8⁺ T cells led to a decrease in current intensity. Based on the calibration curve, the detection limit was determined to be seven cells.ml-1, indicating the high sensitivity of the sensor in identifying CD8⁺ T cells.Conclusion: Sample A20 was identified as the optimal structure for application in electrochemical biosensors based on Ppy-rGo composite to detect CD8+T cells. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3709.html Introduction and Objectives: The widespread application of NiTi alloys in biomedical implants is constrained by the release of nickel ions, which may provoke allergic responses and carcinogenic risks. Employing biocompatible hydroxyapatite composite coatings offers a promising approach to suppress nickel ion leaching and improve the electrochemical performance of NiTi alloys. This study focuses on assessing how varying the concentration of a secondary phase within the composite affects the coating’s composition, microstructure, and the overall electrochemical behavior of the substrate.Materials and Methods: Hydroxyapatite–tantalum oxide composite coatings were produced on NiTi substrates via the electrophoretic deposition method. Tantalum oxide was introduced into the hydroxyapatite nanoparticle suspension at concentrations of 10, 15, and 20 wt.%. All coated samples were sintered at 800 °C for one hour under vacuum conditions.Results: Experimental findings, based on nickel ion release measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, clearly demonstrate that increasing the content of the secondary phase within the composite significantly enhances the corrosion resistance of the underlying NiTi substrate. The positive effect of the secondary phase on the adhesion strength of hydroxyapatite coating to NiTi was assessed using a tensile test.Conclusion: Engineering composite coatings with dense structural characteristics, designed to restrict the ingress of environmental corrosive species and to block nickel ion diffusion, presents a robust strategy for the safe and durable utilization of NiTi alloys in biomedical applications. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3710.html Introduction and Objectives: Ti-6242 alloy is highly regarded in additive manufacturing due to its excellent thermal resistance. Titanium laser-based additively manufactured components, however, often require post-heat treatments because of their high solidification rate and formation of undesirable phases. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of annealing heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6242 specimens fabricated by laser powder bed fusion method.Materials and Methods: Annealing heat treatments were conducted at three temperatures of 950, 1005, and 1050 ℃ for holding times of 1, 3, 5, and 7 hours. The resulting microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical properties were characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and shear punch testing.Results: The as-built microstructure consisted of columnar primary β grains with colonies of metastable martensitic α′. Heat treatment led to decomposition of α′ and formation of more stable α and β phases. At 1005 and 1050 °C, the microstructure transformed from columnar to equiaxed, whereas at 950 °C, the columnar structure was retained. Williamson–Hall plots obtained from XRD patterns revealed a reduction in the lattice microstrain of heat treated samples compared with the as-built one. The applied heat treatment, improved both ultimate shear strength and ductility of the samples. The highest ultimate shear strength (761 MPa) and normalized displacement (0.638) were achieved at 1005 °C.Conclusion: Appropriate heat treatment leads to a more stable microstructure, reduction in lattice microstrain, and transformation of the columnar structure to an equiaxed one. This process could simultaneously enhance the ultimate shear strength and ductility compared to the as-built sample. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3713.html Introduction and Objectives: Cobalt–chromium–molybdenum (Co–Cr–Mo) alloy, owing to its favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility, is widely used in medical and aerospace industries. Solution annealing plays a crucial role in improving the microstructure and mechanical properties of this alloy. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of temperature, holding time, and cooling rate during solution annealing on the microstructure and secondary phases of Co–Cr–Mo alloy. Materials and Methods: Solution annealing was performed at 1125, 1175, and 1225 °C for 1 and 3 hours. After annealing, the samples were cooled in furnace, air, and water environments. The microstructure was examined using optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The volume fraction of secondary phases was determined by image analysis. In addition, tensile and microhardness tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties. Results: Increasing the annealing temperature and time enhanced the dissolution of secondary phases and led to a more homogeneous microstructure. Rapid cooling in water significantly reduced the volume fraction of secondary phases from 19.46±1.07% to 1.03±0.02%. In contrast, slow cooling in the furnace resulted in grain growth and re-precipitation of some phases. Mechanical tests revealed that the hardness of the samples reached its minimum value under water and air cooling conditions. Conclusion: Solution annealing at 1225°C for 3 hours, followed by rapid cooling in water or air, had the most pronounced effect on dissolving secondary phases and improving microstructural homogeneity. This condition enhanced the mechanical properties of the Co–Cr–Mo alloy and can be considered as the optimal heat treatment parameters for improving the performance of this alloy. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3736.html Introduction and Objectives: The management of chronic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers, remains a major clinical challenge since infection control, pH regulation, and controlled release of bioactive agents must be achieved simultaneously. In this study, biodegradable composite wound dressings based on chitosan/sodium alginate (Ch/SAG) containing magnesium metal–organic framework (Mg-MOF) and curcumin (Cur) were designed and fabricated. The objectives of this research included: synthesis and characterization of Mg-MOF particles, investigation of the effects of different Mg-MOF concentrations (0, 2, 5, and 10 wt.%) on the physicochemical and morphological properties of the dressings, and evaluation of water absorption, degradation behavior, and curcumin release profiles. The novelty of this work lies in the simultaneous integration of curcumin’s antibacterial and antioxidant functions with the pH-regulating and drug-carrier properties of Mg-MOF within a biocompatible polymeric matrix.Materials and Method: Mg-MOF particles were synthesized via the hydrothermal method. The composite dressings were prepared with a fixed Ch:SAG ratio (80:20), a constant curcumin concentration (0.1 mg/mL), and varying Mg-MOF contents. Structural and morphological features were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, Field Emission Scanining Electron Microscopy, and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy. Functional properties—including pH variation, water absorption, degradation, and drug release—were evaluated in Phosphate Buffer Saline.Results: FTIR and FESEM analyses confirmed the composite structure and interactions among the components. Increasing Mg-MOF concentration shifted the pH toward the optimal acidic range (~5) for wound healing. The sample containing 5 wt.% Mg-MOF exhibited the highest water absorption (220 ± 15%, p < 0.01) and a more sustained drug release, whereas the 10 wt.% sample demonstrated greater structural stability.Conclusion: Simultaneous incorporation of Mg-MOF and curcumin significantly improved the physicochemical and functional properties of the Ch/SAG-based dressings, particularly in terms of pH regulation, water absorption, and controlled drug release. The 5 wt.% Mg-MOF concentration was identified as the optimal level for achieving the best performance. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3762.html Introduction and Objectives: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized as ultraviolet absorbers using green tea extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent.Materials and Methods: Green tea extract, which was obtained by brewing 10 g of green tea in 100 ml of distilled water at a temperature of 60 to 80 °C, was added dropwise to a zinc acetate solution, and then a diluted oxalic acid solution was added dropwise to it. The mixture was stirred at 75 °C for 2 hours to precipitate at pH 7. The resulting powder was dried in an oven for 12 hours and heat-treated in an electrical furnace at 450 °C.Results: X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses showed that the synthesized nanoparticles have a porous structure with an average crystallite size of about 24 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of O–H, C–H, C=O and C–O surface active groups. Calcination of the resulting powder at 450°C resulted in an increase in the intensity of the Zn–O bond, improved crystallinity and enhanced ultraviolet absorption. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy of this sample revealed an absorption peak at 370 nm, and Energy Dispersive spectroscopy analysis confirmed the high purity of the final product.Conclusion: This study declares that green tea extract can be used as a natural and biocompatible agent in the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles with desirable morphological and optical properties. The produced nanoparticles absorb ultraviolet radiation efficiently. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3753.html Introduction and Objectives: Betacyclodextrins, as drug carriers, increase the bioavailability of drugs. To enhance the stability of the complex and increase the aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, the hydroxyl groups of the betacyclodextrin rings can be modified through chemical alterations. In this study, the interaction between the anticancer drug methotrexate and cyclodextrin, as well as cyclodextrin substituted with mono-chlorotriazinyl, was investigated via docking studies and molecular modeling.Method: To determine the orientation and binding extent of methotrexate to cyclodextrin and to mono-chlorotriazinyl-substituted cyclodextrin, molecular docking calculations were performed using AutoDock 4.2 software. The study examined various positions of mono-chlorotriazinyl substitution on the cyclodextrin structure, and the best docked conformation obtained from the docking results was subjected to molecular dynamics simulations for 500 nanoseconds to assess the stability of the drug-carrier complex.Results: The most favorable binding energy and conformer were for cyclodextrin bearing the mono-chlorotriazinyl substituent at glucose units 1, 2, and 5 (3-mct). Root mean square deviation plots and hydrogen-bond analyses derived from the molecular dynamics simulation of this complex, methotrexate was found to stabilize the complexes, and the complexes exhibited more negative van der Waals interaction energies compared to electrostatic interaction energies. Radius of gyration  for the complexed state was slightly lower than for the free state, attributed to water molecules leaving the cavity and the replacement of methotrexate within the mct cavity at a 1:1 ratio. Additionally, the 3-mct substituent increases the accessible surface area for solvent molecules due to its three mono-chlorotriazinyl groups.Conclusion: Based on the docking and molecular dynamics simulations analyses, cyclodextrins bearing the mono-chlorotriazinyl substituent display a greater capability to interact with methotrexate than native cyclodextrin, forming a more stable complex over 500 nanoseconds of simulation. Therefore, this 3-mct substituted betacyclodextrin is recommended for experimental studies. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3760.html Introduction and Objectives: The development of stable cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells remains a significant challenge. The perovskite oxide La1-xCaxFeO3-δ is considered a promising cathode candidate due to its favorable mixed ionic–electronic conductivity and stability, and the possibility of tailoring its structural properties. However, the synthesis of single-phase La1-xCaxFeO3-δ typically requires high calcination temperatures and long processing times. The present study aims to synthesize phase-pure La1-xCaxFeO3-δ using a co-precipitation method at the lowest possible temperature and shortest processing time.Materials and Methods: La0.65Ca0.35FeO3-δ cathode powder was synthesized via a co-precipitation route and subsequently calcined at various temperatures after drying. The optimized powder was then employed in the fabrication of symmetric fuel cells deposited on Yttria-stabilized Zirconia electrolytes with a Gadolinium-Doped Ceria buffer layer.Results: Simultaneous thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed complete formation of the orthorhombic perovskite phase (Pnma) at approximately 700 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the complete removal of nitrate group and the formation of metal–oxygen bonds. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images showed a nanostructured morphology with an average particle size of 26.57 nm. The optimized sample exhibited a thermal expansion coefficient of 11.33×10⁻⁶ C⁻¹, which is compatible with common electrolytes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed the minimum values for the ohmic and polarization resistances to be 1.439 Ω·cm² and 0.242 Ω·cm², respectively, at 800 °C.Conclusion: The co-precipitation method was found to be effective for synthesizing phase-pure La0.65Ca0.35FeO3-δ with a desirable nanostructure and appropriate electrochemical properties, thus serving as an efficient and cost-effective alternative for the preparation of solid oxide fuel cells catalyst. https://jame.iut.ac.ir/article_3761.html Introduction and Objectives: The aim of this research is to implement the Miedema model in the thermodynamic analysis of dissolution in titanium-based alloys. Materials and Methods: In this regard, various components of the enthalpy of dissolution, including chemical enthalpy, elastic enthalpy, and structural enthalpy, along with the component related to the entropy of the state, were investigated for several binary titanium-transition elements alloys, and the Ω characteristic, which is a component consisting of the enthalpy of dissolution, entropy of the state, and average melting temperature, was introduced. Results: The results showed that the use of thermodynamic analyses relying on the Ω characteristic is well able to predict the solubility range in titanium-based alloys containing transition elements. It was found that the solubility range in titanium-based alloys occurs when the component Ω≤1. Conclusion: Finally, the proposed component was implemented for the ternary Ti-Zr-Cu alloys. It was found that the component with Ω≤1 is capable of well predicting the dissolution behavior in the studied alloy.