Journal of Advanced Materials in Engineering

Journal of Advanced Materials in Engineering

Studying the Effect of Reduced Graphene Oxide on the Microstructure and Biomechanical Properties of Akermanite Ceramics

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Farzad Malamir 1
Mahdi Kalantar 1
Mojdeh Azizi 2
Masoud Moshrafifar 1
1 Faculty of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University, Iran
2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Art University, Yazd, Iran
10.47176/jame.45.3.1131
Abstract
Introduction and Objectives: Ceramics based calcium silicate such as Akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7) are suitable bioactive materials for bone tissue engineering applications. However, they suffer from poor mechanical properties. So, additives like graphene or its derivatives are used. In this regard, in this study, reduced graphene oxide (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by weight) has been employed as a reinforcement.
Materials and Methods: The mixture of raw materials (akermanite and reduced graphene oxide to the desired ratio) went through various preparation stages followed by sintering process and finally, the sintered samples were characterized.
Results: By increasing the weight percentage of reduced graphene oxide from zero (control sample) to 1.5 wt. %, a decrease in relative density from 94.9% to 89.3% and a reduction in compressive strength from 13 to 8 Mpa was observed. Toughness increased from 1.9 for the control sample to 4.2 for the 1 wt.% sample, it decreased to 2.7 MPa.m1/2 for a 1.5 wt.% sample, though. Similarly, the hardness increased from 435 for the control sample to 588 Vickers for the 1 wt.% sample, and decreased to 308 Vickers for the 1.5 wt.% sample.
Conclusion: Among the composite specimens, the most homogeneous microstructure was related to the 1 wt.% sample with the highest mechanical properties (toughness and hardness). Graphene oxide not only does not prevent the formation of the apatite layer, but also encourages the formation of dense and fine apatite deposits on the surface of the composite sample.
Keywords
Reduced graphene oxide
Akermanite
Composite
Microstructure
Mechanical and biological properties
Subjects
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Journal of Advanced Materials in Engineering
Volume 45, Issue 3
Summer 2026
Pages 21-37

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