Journal of Advanced Materials in Engineering

Journal of Advanced Materials in Engineering

Numerical Investigation of Geometric Effects on Energy Absorption Capacity of 2D and 3D Re-entrant Structures

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Erfan Taherkhani 1
Mohamad Reza Parsaeiyan 1
Ashkan Mosayebi 1
Mahdi Mardani 2
Rohalah Panahi Liavoli 2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Babaei Faculty, National Skills University (NSU), Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Introduction and Objectives: Auxetic structures have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their negative Poisson’s ratio and features such as high impact resistance and enhanced energy absorption. Re-entrant structures are among the most widely used auxetic geometries. This study aims to investigate the mechanical behavior and energy absorption capacity of these structures and to propose geometric modifications to improve their performance.
Materials and Methods: To determine the mechanical properties of the material, including Young’s modulus and yield stress, standard tensile specimens were fabricated using an FDM 3D printer with PLA+ filament and tested experimentally. A two-dimensional model of the re-entrant structure was then simulated under in-plane quasi-static compression using ABAQUS. To enhance the energy absorption behavior, two geometric modifications were applied, namely replacing sharp re-entrant corners with smooth arc-shaped curves and adding triangular reinforcing members. These modifications were evaluated in both 2D and 3D models.
Results: The findings showed that the proposed modifications significantly improved the specific energy absorption without altering the overall deformation mechanism. In the 2D models, improvements of 22% and 44% were observed, while in the 3D models, energy absorption increased by 41% and 66%. Smoother stress distribution and the elimination of sharp angles also delayed structural failure.
Conclusion: The results indicate that geometric modifications in re-entrant auxetic structures can effectively enhance their energy absorption performance, offering a practical approach for designing more efficient auxetic systems by combining these modifications.
Keywords
Auxetic structure, Energy absorption, Re-entrant structure, Finite element simulation, Geometric innovation, Negative Poisson&‌rsquo
s ratio, Three-dimensional re-entrant structure
Subjects

1. Schneider J, Kumar S. Comparative performance evaluation of microarchitected lattices processed via SLS, MJ, and DLP 3D printing methods: Experimental investigation and modelling. J Mater Res Technol. 2023;26:7182-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.09.061

2. Yang L, Harrysson O, West H, Cormier D., Mechanical properties of 3D re-entrant honeycomb auxetic structures realized via additive manufacturing. Int J Solids Struct. 2015;69-70:475-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2015.05.005

3. Khaghani O, Mostofinejad D, Abtahi SM. Auxetic structures in civil engineering applications: Experimental (by 3D printing) and numerical investigation of mechanical behavior. Results Mater. 2024;21:100528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100528

4. Roberjot P, Herder JL. A unified design method for 2D auxetic metamaterials based on a minimal auxetic structure. Int J Solids Struct. 2024;295:112777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2024.112777

5. Montgomery-Liljeroth E, Schievano S, Burriesci G. Elastic properties of 2D auxetic honeycomb structures: A review. Appl Mater Today 2023;30:101722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101722

6. Alomarah A, Ruan D, Masood S, Sbarski I, Faisal B. An investigation of in-plane tensile properties of re-entrant chiral auxetic structure. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2018;96:2013-29. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/442356

7. Shirzad M, Bodaghi M, Oh D, Yi M, Nam SY. Design and optimization of bioinspired auxetic structure for biomedical applications. Eur J Mech A Solids 2024;103:105139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2023.105139

8. Carakapurwa FE, Santosa SP. Design optimization of auxetic structure for crashworthy pouch battery protection using machine learning method. Energies 2022;15:8404. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228404

9. Mauko A, Fíla T, Falta J, Koudelka P, Rada V, Neuhäuserová M, et al. Dynamic deformation behaviour of chiral auxetic lattices at low and high strain rates. Metals 2021;11:52. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11010052

10. Liu Y, Zhao C, Xu C, Ren J, Zhong J. Auxetic meta-materials and their engineering applications: A review. Eng Res Express 2023;5:042003. https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad0eb1

11. Etemadi E, Zamani AM, Scarpa F, Zeeshan M, Hosseinabadi M, Hu H. Modified re-entrant auxetic metamaterials with energy absorption enhancement. Mater Today Commun. 2024;108079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.108079

12. Zawistowski M, Poteralski A. Parametric optimization of selected auxetic structures. Multiscale Multidiscip Model Exp Des. 2024;4253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41939-024-00452-0

13. Hu Q, Lu G, Tse KM. Compressive and tensile behaviours of 3D hybrid auxetic-honeycomb lattice structures. Int J Mech Sci. 2024;263:108767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2023.108767

14. Mathew AP, Oksman K, Sain M. Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites from poly lactic acid (PLA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). J Appl Polym Sci. 2005;97:2014-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.21779

15. Jiang Y, Liu Z, Matsuhisa N, Qi D, Leow WR, Yang H, et al. Auxetic mechanical metamaterials to enhance sensitivity of stretchable strain sensors. Adv Mater. 2018;30:1706589. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201706589

16. Seharing A, Azman AH, Abdullah S. A review on integration of lightweight gradient lattice structures in additive manufacturing parts. Adv Mech Eng. 2020;12(6):1-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814020916951

17. Bhat C, Prajapati MJ, Kumar A, Jeng JY. Additive manufacturing-enabled advanced design and process strategies for multi-functional lattice structures. Materials. 2024;17(14):3398. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17143398

 

 

1. Schneider J, Kumar S. Comparative performance evaluation of microarchitected lattices processed via SLS, MJ, and DLP 3D printing methods: Experimental investigation and modelling. J Mater Res Technol. 2023;26:7182-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.09.061
2. Yang L, Harrysson O, West H, Cormier D., Mechanical properties of 3D re-entrant honeycomb auxetic structures realized via additive manufacturing. Int J Solids Struct. 2015;69-70:475-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2015.05.005
3. Khaghani O, Mostofinejad D, Abtahi SM. Auxetic structures in civil engineering applications: Experimental (by 3D printing) and numerical investigation of mechanical behavior. Results Mater. 2024;21:100528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100528
4. Roberjot P, Herder JL. A unified design method for 2D auxetic metamaterials based on a minimal auxetic structure. Int J Solids Struct. 2024;295:112777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2024.112777
5. Montgomery-Liljeroth E, Schievano S, Burriesci G. Elastic properties of 2D auxetic honeycomb structures: A review. Appl Mater Today 2023;30:101722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101722
6. Alomarah A, Ruan D, Masood S, Sbarski I, Faisal B. An investigation of in-plane tensile properties of re-entrant chiral auxetic structure. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2018;96:2013-29. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/442356
7. Shirzad M, Bodaghi M, Oh D, Yi M, Nam SY. Design and optimization of bioinspired auxetic structure for biomedical applications. Eur J Mech A Solids 2024;103:105139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2023.105139
8. Carakapurwa FE, Santosa SP. Design optimization of auxetic structure for crashworthy pouch battery protection using machine learning method. Energies 2022;15:8404. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228404
9. Mauko A, Fíla T, Falta J, Koudelka P, Rada V, Neuhäuserová M, et al. Dynamic deformation behaviour of chiral auxetic lattices at low and high strain rates. Metals 2021;11:52. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11010052
10. Liu Y, Zhao C, Xu C, Ren J, Zhong J. Auxetic meta-materials and their engineering applications: A review. Eng Res Express 2023;5:042003. https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad0eb1
11. Etemadi E, Zamani AM, Scarpa F, Zeeshan M, Hosseinabadi M, Hu H. Modified re-entrant auxetic metamaterials with energy absorption enhancement. Mater Today Commun. 2024;108079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.108079
12. Zawistowski M, Poteralski A. Parametric optimization of selected auxetic structures. Multiscale Multidiscip Model Exp Des. 2024;4253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41939-024-00452-0
13. Hu Q, Lu G, Tse KM. Compressive and tensile behaviours of 3D hybrid auxetic-honeycomb lattice structures. Int J Mech Sci. 2024;263:108767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2023.108767
14. Mathew AP, Oksman K, Sain M. Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites from poly lactic acid (PLA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). J Appl Polym Sci. 2005;97:2014-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.21779
15. Jiang Y, Liu Z, Matsuhisa N, Qi D, Leow WR, Yang H, et al. Auxetic mechanical metamaterials to enhance sensitivity of stretchable strain sensors. Adv Mater. 2018;30:1706589. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201706589
16. Seharing A, Azman AH, Abdullah S. A review on integration of lightweight gradient lattice structures in additive manufacturing parts. Adv Mech Eng. 2020;12(6):1-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814020916951
17. Bhat C, Prajapati MJ, Kumar A, Jeng JY. Additive manufacturing-enabled advanced design and process strategies for multi-functional lattice structures. Materials. 2024;17(14):3398. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17143398
 
 
Journal of Advanced Materials in Engineering

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 05 October 2026

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