Journal of Advanced Materials in Engineering

Journal of Advanced Materials in Engineering

A Study on the Structural, Magnetic, and Electrical Characterization of Nickel-Iron-Cobalt Films and [FeNiCo/Cu]30 and [FeNiCo/Cu]60 Multilayers

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
E. Paimozd
A. Ghasemi
Department of Materials Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Shahin shahr, Iran
10.47176/jame.43.2.1050
Abstract
The nickel-iron-cobalt film with soft magnetic properties, having a minimal magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetostriction are applied in the magnetic sensors with giant magnetoresistance effect. In this work, single layers of Ni76Fe11Co13, Ni66Fe16Co18, and Ni56Fe21Co23 were coated by the electrochemical method, and then the results of the structural, magnetic, and electrical evaluation were discussed. An increase in the concentration of nickel in the electrolyte solution caused a change in the chemical composition, and morphology of the layers, and also reduced the coercive field. The layer containing 66 atomic percent nickel showed the lowest coercivity and the highest saturation magnetization. The single layers of Ni66Fe16Co18 were deposited on the copper substrate at different times. The results indicated that increasing the deposition time and thickness firstly decreased the coercive field up to 17 Oe, and then increased it up to 45 Oe for the Ni66Fe16Co18 layer. Also, multilayers of [NiFeCo/Cu]30 and [NiFeCo/Cu]60 were synthesized. An increase in the number of layers from 30 to 60 revealed a decrease in the coercive field from 43.1 Oe to 38.4 Oe, as well as an increase in the Mr/Ms squareness ratio from 0.46 to 0.51. The magnetoresistance of [NiFeCo/Cu]60 and [NiFeCo/Cu]30 multilayers indicated an electrical resistance reduction of about 15% and 6%, respectively.
Keywords
Ferromagnetic film
Electrodeposition
Magnetoresistance
Magnetic properties
Nickel-iron-cobalt
Subjects
  1. Ghasemi A. Magnetic Ferrites and Related Nanocomposites: Elsevier; 2022. https://doi.org/10. 1016/C2019-0-05078-9
  2. Vitayaya O, Nehan PZZ, Munazat DR, Manawan MT, Kurniawan B. Magnetoresistance (MR) properties of magnetic materials. RSC Adv. 2024; 14(26):18617-45. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ra01989j
  3. Yekta PV, Ghasemi A, Sharifi EM. Magnetic and mechanical properties of cold-rolled permalloy. J Magn Magn Mater. 2018; 468: 155-63. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.07.088
  4. Qian X, Li C, Zheng M, Wang J, Huang H, Deng K. A renewable magnetic screen-printed electrode based on FeNi-loaded N-C nanotubes for omeprazole detection. Microchem J. 2024: 111044. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.microc.2024.111044
  5. Miyazaki T, Oomori T, Sato F, Ishio S. Zero magnetostriction composition in Fe-Ni-Co ternary alloy system. J Magn Magn Mater. 1994; 129(2-3):L135-L6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(94)90102-3
  6. Faltas M, Pillars J, Soule L, Meyerson ML, Rodriguez MA, Valdez NR, et al. Electrodeposited NiFeCo+ Tb and Dy for enhanced magnetostrictive properties and soft magnetism. Thin Solid Films. 2024; 800:140396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2024. 140396
  7. Rasmussen FE, Ravnkilde JT, Tang PT, Hansen O, Bouwstra S. Electroplating and characterization of cobalt–nickel–iron and nickel–iron for magnetic microsystems applications. Sens Actuators A: Phys. 2001; 92(1-3):242-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-4247(01)00556-8
  8. Haciismailoglu MS, Alper M, Kockar H. Magnetoresistance of CoNiCu/Cu multilayers electrodeposited from electrolytes with different Ni ion concentrations. J Electrochem Soc. 2010; 157(10): D538. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3469583
  9. Kuru H, Kockar H, Alper M. Electrodeposited NiFeCu/Cu multilayers: effect of Fe ion concentration on properties. J Magn Magn Mater. 2015; 373:135-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.02.096
  10. Jarratt J, Barnard J. Hybrid NiFeCo‐Ag/Cu multilayers: Giant magnetoresistance, structure, and magnetic studies. J Appl Phys. 1994; 76(10):6478-80. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.358231
  11. Sze SM, Li Y, Ng KK. Physics of semiconductor devices: John wiley & sons; 2021. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/0470068329
  12. Vourlias G. Application of X-rays diffraction for identifying thin oxide surface layers on zinc coatings. Coat. 2020; 10(10):1005. https://doi.org/10.3390/ coatings10101005
  13. Gerward L. X-ray attenuation coefficients: current state of knowledge and availability. Radiat Phys Chem. 1993; 41(4-5):783-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/ 0969-806X(93)90326-P
  14. Del Mundo JT, Gomez ED, Gomez EW. Grazing-incidence X-ray scattering of plant epidermal cell wall. Advanced Biophysical Techniques for Polysaccharides Characterization: Elsevier; 2024. p. 221-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-14042-6.00009-9
  15. Harrington GF, Santiso J. Back-to-Basics tutorial: X-ray diffraction of thin films. J Electroceram. 2021; 47 (4):141-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-021-00263-6
  16. Akça B, Erzeneoğlu SZ. The mass attenuation coefficients, electronic, atomic, and molecular cross sections, effective atomic numbers, and electron densities for compounds of some biomedically important elements at 59.5 keV. Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations; 2014. https:// doi.org/10.1155/2014/901465
  17. Suryanarayana C, Norton MG, Suryanarayana C, Norton MG. X-rays and Diffraction: Springer; 1998. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0148-4
  18. Paul S, Naimuddin S, Ghosh A. Electrochemical characterization of Ni-Co and Ni-Co-Fe for oxidation of methyl alcohol fuel with high energetic catalytic surface. J Fuel Chem Technol. 2014; 42(1):87-95:(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5813(14)60012-8
  19. Askeland D. The Science and Engineering of Materials, Second SI Edition. Aeronaut J. 1991; 95 (950):385-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2895-5
  20. Sadashivaiah P, Sankarappa T, Sujatha T, Rawat R, Sarvanan P, Bhatnagar A. Structural, magnetic and electrical properties of Fe/Cu/Fe films. Vacuum. 2010; 85(3): 466-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum. 2010.024
  21. Tumanski S. Thin film magnetoresistive sensors: CRC press; 2001. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420033243
  22. Nam H-S, Yokoshima T, Nakanishi T, Osaka T, Yamazaki Y, Lee DN. Microstructure of electroplated soft magnetic CoNiFe thin films. Thin solid films. 2001; 384(2):288-93. https://doi.org/10. 1016/S0040-6090(00)01856-3
Journal of Advanced Materials in Engineering
Volume 43, Issue 2
2024
Pages 69-81

تحت نظارت وف ایرانی