Investigation of the Antibacterial Behavior of Thin Film Metallic Glass Alloy Zr30Cu20Al10Ag10Cr10Si10B10 Applied on 316 Stainless Steel Substrate

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University

Abstract

Stainless steels 316 and 304 are among the alloys commonly used to make medical equipment, including surgical instruments. These steels, however, do not exhibit properties that control bacterial growth or destroy bacteria upon contact, leading to significant contamination. This problem can be largely mitigated by applying coatings with high antibacterial properties. One such coating that has attracted considerable attention from researchers, in recent years, is Zr-based metallic glass coatings. In this study, after studying the effects of different elements on the antibacterial behavior of coatings, an alloy with the chemical composition of Zr30Cu20Al10Ag10Cr10Si10B10 was designed and produced. A thin layer of this amorphous alloy was then applied to a 316 stainless steel substrate, and its behavior against two common hospital bacteria was studied. After weighing and mixing the selected elements in the required stoichiometric ratios and homogenizing them using a mechanical ball mill, a target with the desired chemical composition was produced using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Structural investigations revealed a uniform distribution of the elements in the produced target. Using this target, thin layers of the alloy with different thicknesses were deposited on the 316 stainless steel substrate. Preliminary investigations showed that the coatings, in addition to forming a good bond with the substrate, possess a glassy and amorphous structure. The antibacterial behavior of the coatings against Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus was then investigated. The results showed that the coatings, due to the presence of copper and silver, exhibit high antibacterial properties against these bacteria. Furthermore, the application of the coating, which reduces the roughness of the polished 316 substrate by 50%, can significantly affect the adhesion of human and animal blood platelets, as well as human and animal cancer cells, to surgical instruments made from 316 stainless steel.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Hyde FW, Alberg M, Smith K. Comparison of fluorinated polymers against stainless steel, glass and polypropylene in microbial biofilm adherence and removal. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 1997; 19:142–149. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900448
  2. Garg R, Gonuguntla S, Sk S, Iqbal MS, Dada AO, Pal U, Ahmadipour M. Sputtering thin films: Materials, applications, challenges and future directions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2024; 330:103203. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103203
  3. Rai M, Yadav A, Gade A. Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnol Adv. 2009; 27:76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv. 2008.09.002
  4. Clement JL, Jarrett PS. Antibacterial Silver. Met Based Drugs. 1994; 1(5-6):467-82. https://doi.org/10. 1155/MBD.1994.467
  5. Borkow G, Gabbay J. Copper, An Ancient Remedy Returning to Fight Microbial, Fungal and Viral Infections. Curr Chem Biol. 2009; 3(3):272-278. https://doi.org/10.2174/187231309789054887
  6. Borkow G, Gabbay J. Copper as a Biocidal Tool. Curr Chem Biol. 2005; 12(18): 2163-2175. https:// doi.org/10.2174/0929867054637617
  7. Grass G, Rensing C, Solioz M. Metallic Copper as an Antimicrobial Surface. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011; 75(5):1541–1547. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02766-10
  8. Dallas P, Sharma VK, Zboril Silver polymeric nanocomposites as advanced antimicrobial agents: Classification, synthetic paths, applications, and perspectives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2011; 166 (1 –2):119-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2011.05.008
  9. Chu JP, Liu T-Y, Li C-L, Wang C-H, Jang JSC, Chen M-J, Chang S-H, Huang W-C. Fabrication and characterizations of thin film metallic glasses: anti-bacterial property and durability study for medical application. Thin Solid Films. 2014; 561;102–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.08.111
  10. Truong VK, Lapovok R, Estrin YS, Rundell S, Wang JY, Fluke CJ, Crawford RJ, Ivanova EP. The influence of nano-scale surface roughness on bacterial adhesion to ultrafine-grained titanium. Biomater. 2010; 31:3674–3683, https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.071
  11. Wang YB, Li HF, Cheng Y, Zheng YF, Ruan LQ. In vitro and in vivo studies on Ti-based bulk metallic glass as potential dental implant material. Mater Sci Eng C. 2013; 33:3489–3497. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.msec.2013.04.038
  12. Schroers J, Kumar G, Hodges TM, Chan S, Kyriakides TR. Bulk metallic glasses for biomedical applications. JOM. 2009; 61:21–29. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11837-009-0128-1
  13. Howlett CR, Evans MDM, Walsh WR, Johnson G, Steele JG. Mechanism of initial attachment of cells derived from human bone to commonly used prosthetic materials during cell culture. Biomater. 1994; 15:213–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612 (94)90070-1
  14. Hallab NJ, Bundy KJ, O'Connor K, Moses RL, Jacobs JJ. Evaluation of metallic and polymeric biomaterial surface energy and surface roughness characteristics for directed cell adhesion, Tissue Eng. 2001; 7:55–71. https://doi.org/10.1089/107632700300003297
  15. Lampin M, Warocquier-Clérout R, Legris C, Degrange M, Sigot-Luizard MF. Correlation between substratum roughness and wettability, cell adhesion, and cell migration. J Biomed Mater Res. 1997;36:99 –108. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199707) 36:1<99::AID-JBM12>3.0.CO;2-E
  16. Deligianni DD, Katsala ND, Koutsoukos PG, Missirlis YF. Effect of surface roughness of hydroxyapatite on human bone marrow cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and detachment strength. Biomater. 2001; 22:87–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/ s0142-9612(00)00174-5
  17. Bourassa MG, Cantin M, Sandborn EB, Pederson E. Scanning electron microscopy of surface irregularities and thrombogenesis of polyurethane and poly-ethylene coronary catheters. Circulation. 1976; 53:992–996. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.53.6.992
  18. Huang Q, Yang Y, Hu R, Lin C, Sun L, Vogler EA. Reduced platelet adhesion and improved corrosion resistance of superhydrophobic TiO2-nanotube-coated 316L stainless steel. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2015; 125:134–141. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.11.028
  19. Etiemble A, Der Loughian C, Apreutesei M, Langlois C, Cardinal S, Pelletier JM, Pierson JP, Steyer P. Innovative Zr-Cu-Ag thin film metallic glass deposed by magnetron PVD sputtering for antibacterial applications. J Alloys Compd. 2017; 707:155-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.12.259
  20. Chen HW, Hsu KCh, Chan YCh, Duh JG, Lee JW, Shian-Ching Jang J, Chen GJ. Antimicrobial properties of Zr–Cu–Al–Ag thin film metallic glass. Thin Solid Films. 2014; 561:98–101. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.08.028
  21. Jabed A, Mudassar Khan M, Camilleri J, Greenlee-Wacker M, Shabib I. Property optimization of Zr-Ti-X (X = Ag, Al) metallic glass via combinatorial development aimed at prospective biomedical application. Surf Coat Technol. 2019; 37225:278-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.05.036
  22. Rajan TS, Das M, Sasi Kumar P, Arockiarajan A, Subramanian B. Biological performance of metal metalloid (TiCuZrPd:B) TFMG fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2021; 202:111684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021. 111684
  23. Zhang E ,Wang W, Liang D,Wei X, Zho Y, Chen Q, Zhou Q, Huang B, Shen J. Superior corrosion-resistant Zr-Ti-Ag thin film metallic glasses as potential biomaterials. Appl Surf Sci. 2024; 670:160712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.160712
  24. Japanese Industrial Standards. Antimicrobial products test for antimicrobial activity and efficacy. JIS Z2801. Tokyo: Japanese Standards Association; 2000.
  25. Chu J-H, Lee J, Chang C-C, Chan Y-C, Liou ML, Lee J-W, Jang, S-C, Duh J-G. Antimicrobial characteristics in Cu-containing Zr-based thin film metallic glass. Surf Coat Technol. 2014; 259:87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.05.019
  26. Lee J, Liou M-L, Duh J-G. The development of a Zr-Cu-Al-Ag-N thin film metallic glass coating in pursuit of improved mechanical, corrosion, and antimicrobial property for bio-medical application. Surf Coat Technol. 2017; 310:214-222. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.12.076
  27. Subramanian B, Maruthamuthu S, Thanka Rajan S. Biocompatibility evaluation of sputtered zirconium-based thin film metallic glass-coated steels. Int J Nanomedicine. 2015; 10:17-29. http://dx.doi.org/10. 2147/IJN.S79977
  28. Subramanian B. In vitro corrosion and biocompatibility screening of Sputtered Ti40Cu36Pd14Zr10 thin film metallic glasses on steels. Mater Sci Eng C. 2015; 47:48–56. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.msec.2014.11.01
  29. George JN. Direct assessment of platelet adhesion to glass: a study of the forces of interaction and the effects of plasma and serum factors, platelet function, and modification of the glass surface. Blood. 1972; 40:862–874.
  30. Vijayanad K, Pattanayak DK, Mohan TR, Banerjee R. Interpreting blood-biomaterial interactions from surface free energy and work of adhesion. Trends Biomater Artif Organs. 2005; 18:73–83.
  31. Busch R, Strohbach A, Rethfeldt S, Walz S, Busch M, Petersen S, Felix S, Sternberg K. New stent surface materials: the impact of polymer-dependent inter-actions of human endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and platelets. Acta Biomater. 2014; 10: 688–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.015
  32. May RM, Magin CM, Mann EE, Drinker MC, Fraser JC, Siedlecki CA, Brennan AB, Reddy ST. An engineered micropattern to reduce bacterial colonization, platelet adhesion and fibrin sheath formation for improved biocompatibility of central venous catheters. Clin Transl Med. 2015; 4:9. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s40169-015-0050-9
  33. Dowling DP, Miller IS, Ardhaoui M, Gallagher WM. Effect of surface wettability and topography on the adhesion of osteosarcoma cells on plasma-modified poly-styrene. J Biomater Appl. 2011; 26:327–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885328210372148
  34. Crear J, Kummer KM, Webster TJ. Decreased cervical cancer cell adhesion on nanotubular titanium for the treatment of cervical cancer. Int J Nanomedicine. 2013; 8:995–1001.
  35. Chang CH, Lib CL, Yu CC, Chen YL, Chyntara S, Ming-Jen Chen JPC, Chang S-H. Beneficial effects of thin film metallic glass coating in reducing adhesion of platelet and cancer cells: Clinical testing. Surf Coat Technol. 2018; 344:312–321. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.surfcoat.2018.03.040
  36. Furie B, Furie BC. Mechanisms of thrombus formation. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359:938–94. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra0801082

 

 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics

ارتقاء امنیت وب با وف ایرانی