Evaluation of Properties of Crofer Stainless Steel Produced by Mechanical Alloying for Using as Interconnect Plates of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Authors

Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.

Abstract

This study has examined the properties of Crofer 22APU stainless steel produced by mechanical alloying for using as interconnect plates in solid oxide fuel cells.This alloy was produced by mixing the source powders and mechanical alloying for 40 hours. For creating a sample with high density, spark-plasma sintering was applied at 1100 °C and 50 Mpa stress for
10 minutes. To achieve the desired properties such as low electrical resistance and high oxidation resistance, a number of samples were coated by manganese-cobalt using electrodiposition technique at current density of 150 mA/cm 2 for 40 minutes. Then, considering the properties required for an interconnect plate of solid oxide fuel cell, oxidation resistance and electrical resistance of the coated and uncoated samples were investigated. Oxidation behavior of the coated and uncoated samples, after 100 hours oxidation in air at 800°C did not follow any rule and its curve was a sinus type. The electrical resistance of uncoated samples was in the range of 0.1-0.2 mOhm.cm2, but the electrical resistance of the coated samples after 100 h oxidation reached to a less ammount  than that of the corresponding uncoated ones. The alloy produced by mechanical alloying method, compared with commercial ones produced by casting methods, showed similar oxidation behavior after 100 h oxidation, but it had a surface electrical resistance far less than its commercial ones.

Keywords


1. Fergus, J.W., Xianguo, L., Hui, R., Wilkinson, D. and Zhnag, J., Solid Oxide Fuel Cells- Materials Properties and Performance, Taylor and Francis Group (CRC Press), USA, 2008.
3. Opila, E.J., “Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Thermochemistry of CrO2(OH)2(g)”, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 111,
pp. 1971–1980, 2007.
4. Ebbinghaus, B.B., “Thermodynamics of Gas Phase Chromium Species: The Chromium Oxides, the Chromium Oxyhydroxides, and Volatility Calculations in Waste Incineration Processes”, Combustion Flame, Vol. 93, pp. 119–137, 1993.
5. Lee, C. and Bae, J., “Oxidation-Resistant Thin Film Coating on Ferritic Stainless Steel by Sputtering for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells”, Thin Solid Films, Vol. 516, pp. 6432-6437, 2008.
6. Zhu, W.Z. and Deevi, S.C., “Opportunity of Metallic Interconnects for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: a Status on Contact Resistance”, Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 38, pp. 957-972, 2003.
7. Zhu, W.Z. and Deevi, S.C., “Development of Interconnect Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 348,
pp. 227-243, 2003.
8. Horita, T., Xiong, Y., Kishimoto, H., Yamaji, K., Sakai, N. and Yokokawa, H., “Application of Fe–Cr Alloys to Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Cost Reduction Oxidation behavior of Alloys in Methane Fuel”, Journal Power Sources, Vol. 131, pp. 293-298, 2004.
9. Magdefrau, N.J., “Evaluation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnect Coatings: Reaction Layer Microstructure, Chemistry and Formation Mechanisms”, University of Connecticut, Graduate School, 2013.
10. Kessel, H.U., Hennicke, J., Kirchner, R. and Kessel, T., “Rapid Sintering of Novel Materials by FAST/SPS Further Development to the Point of an Industrial Production Process with High Cost Efficiency”, FCT Systeme GmbH, Germany, 2010.
11. Chen, X., Hou, P.Y., Jacobson, C.P., Visko, S.J. and Jonghe, L.C.De., “Protective Coating on Stainless Steel Interconnect for SOFCs: Oxidation Kinetics and Electrical Properties”, Solid State Ionics.
Vol. 176, pp. 425–433, 2005.
12. Yang, Z., Xia, G. and Stevenson, J.W., “Mn1.5Co1.5O4 Spinel Protection Layers on Ferritic Stainless
Steels for SOFC Interconnect Applications”, Electrochemical and Solid State Letters., Vol. 8,
pp. 168–170, 2005.
13. Wei, W., Chen, W. and Ivey, D.G., “Anodic Electrodeposition of Nanocrystalline Coatings in the Mn- Co-O System”, Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 19, pp. 2816–2822, 2007.
14. Bateni, M.R., Deng, P.X. and Petric, A., “Spinel Coatings for UNS 430 Stainless Steel Interconnects”, Surface & Coating Technology, Vol. 201, pp. 4677–4684, 2007.
15. Chou, Y.S., Stevenson, J.W. and Singh, P., “Effect of Aluminizing of Cr-Containing Ferritic Alloys on the Seal Strength of a Novel High-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Sealing Glass”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 185, pp. 1001-1008, 2008.
16. Balland, A., Gannon, P., Deibert, M., Chevalier, S., Caboche, G. and Fontana, S., “Investigation of La2O3 and/or and (Co,Mn)3O4 Deposits on Crofer22APU for the SOFC Interconnect Application”, Surface & Coatings Technology, Vol. 203, pp. 3291-3296, 2009.
17. Fontana, S., Chevalier, S. and Caboche, G., “Metallic Interconnects for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: Effect of Water Vapour on Oxidation Resistance of Differently Coated Alloys”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 193, pp. 136-145, 2009.
18. Yang, Z., Xia, G.G., Stevenson, J.W., Singh, P., Li, X., Maupin, G.D., Coleman, J.E., Nie, Z., Bonnett, J.F., Simner, S.P. and Singh, P., “Advanced SOFC Interconnect Development at PNNL”, The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 5, pp. 347-356, 2007.
19. Wu, J., Jiang, Y., Johnson, C. and Liu, X., “DC Electrodeposition of Mn–Co Alloys on Stainless Steels for SOFC Interconnect Application”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 177, pp. 376–385, 2008.
20. Cullity, B.D., Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Massachusetts, 1956.
21. Ziomek-Moroz, M., Holcomb, G.R., Covino, B.S.J., Bullard, S.J., Jablonski, P.D. and Alman, D.E., “Corrosion Performance of Ferritic Steel for SOFC Interconnect Applications”, in Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells II, Vol. 27, pp.1-9, 2006.
22. Petric, A. and Ling, H., “Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Expansion of Spinels at Elevated Temperatures”, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 90, pp.1515–1520, 2007.
23. Gorokhovsky, V.I., Gannon, P.E., Deibert, M.C., Smith, R.J., Kayani, A., Kopczyk, M., Van Vorous, D., Yang, Z., Stevenson, J.W., Visco, S., Jacobson, C., Kurokawa, H. and Sofie, S.W., “Deposition and Evaluation of Protective PVD Coatings onFerritic Stainless Steel SOFC Interconnects”, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 153, pp. 1886–1893, 2006.
24. Molin, S., Kusz, B., Gazda, M. and Jasinski, P., “Protective Coatings for Stainless Steel for SOFC Applications”, Journal of Solid state Electrochemistry, Vol. 13, pp. 1695-1700, 2008.
25. Ebrahimifar, H. and Zandrahimi, M., “Oxidation and Electrical Behavior of AISI 430 Coated with Cobalt Spinels for SOFC Interconnect Applications”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 206, pp. 75-81, 2011.

ارتقاء امنیت وب با وف ایرانی