روشی جدید برای افزایش عامل دار شدن الکتروشیمیایی گرافن با استفاده از فعال کننده سطحی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی شیمی دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

فرایند لایه‌برداری الکتروشیمیایی جزء متداولترین روش‌هایی است که به‌منظور تولید گرافن استفاده می‌شود، اما جدا شدن ذرات چند لایه از گرافن در این روش مانع رسیدن به گرافن با خواص واقعی می‌شود. در این پژوهش برای اولین بار افزایش لایه‌برداری توسط یک فعال کننده سطحی جدید به نام ستیل‌تری‌متیل‌آمونیوم‌کلراید و تأثیر این ماده بر مقدار گرافن لایه‌برداری شده و مقدار گروه عاملی در آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. برای تعیین مشخصات محصولات از آزمون‌های رسانایی‌سنجی، توزین، میکروسکوپی الکترونی عبوری ((TEM و طیف‌سنجی جذبی مرئی- فرابنفش استفاده شد. بر اساس نتایج، حضور فعال کننده سطحی ستیل‌تری‌متیل‌آمونیوم‌کلراید در حلال، مقدار خوردگی از الکترود را کاهش می‌دهد و باعث افزایش لایه‌برداری می‌شود، گرچه فراتر از غلظت بحرانی تشکیل مایسل این فعال‌کننده سطحی، وزن لایه‌برداری کاهش می‌یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Novel Approach for Electrochemical Functionalization of Graphene with Surfactant

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Hasani
  • M. Baniadam
  • M. Maghrebi
چکیده [English]

The electrochemical exfoliation of graphite via intercalation is one of the attractive methods to obtain graphene. However, presence of course graphite particles in product is the drawback of this method. In this research, the effect of adding cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), on the amount of exfoliated graphene and functional groups was studied. Transmission electron microscopy, weighing, UV-vis spectroscopy and electrical conductivity were used for characterization of the products. According to results, presence of this surfactant decreases the erosion, while it increases the exfoliation of graphene flakes. However, after critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant, exfoliated weight decreased.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Exfoliation
  • graphene
  • Surfactant
  • Functional group
Low, C., and Walsh, F., “Chakrabarti, M., Hashim, M.A., and Hussain, M.A., Electrochemical Approaches to the Production of Graphene Flakes and their Potential Application”, Carbon, Vol. 54, pp. 1-21, 2013.
2. Maitra, U., Matte, H., Kumar, P., and Rao, C., “Strategies for the Synthesis of Graphene, Graphene Nanoribbons, Nanoscrolls and Related Materials”, Chimia, Vol. 66, pp. 941-948, 2012.
3. Marcano, D.C., Kosynkin, D.V., Berlin, J.M., Sinitskii, A., and Sun, Z., “Improved Synthesis of Graphene Oxide”, ACS NANO, Vol. 4, pp. 4806-4814, 2010.
4. Paredes, J., and Villar Rodil, S., “Atomic Force and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Imaging of Graphene Nanosheets Derived from Graphite Oxide”, Langmuir, Vol. 25, pp. 5957-5968, 2009.
5. Pumera, M., “Electrochemistry of Graphene, Graphene Oxide and other Graphenoids”, Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 36, pp. 14-18, 2013.
6. Sadasivuni, K.K., Ponnamma, D., Thomas, S., and Grohens, Y., “Evolution from Graphite to Graphene Elastomer Composites”, Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 39, pp. 749–780, 2014.
7. Salvatierra, R., Domingues, S., Oliveira, M., and Zarbin, A., “Tri-Layer Graphene Films Produced by Mechanochemical Exfoliation of Graphite”, Carbon, Vol. 57, pp. 410-415, 2013.
8. Saner, B., Dinç, F., and Yürüm, Y., “Utilization of Multiple Graphene Nanosheets in Fuel Cells 2.: The Effect of Oxidation Process on the Characteristics of Graphene Nanosheets”, Fuel, Vol. 90, pp. 2609-2616, 2011.
9. Du, W., Jiang, X., and Zhu, L., “From Graphite to Graphene: Direct Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Graphite to Produce Single- and Fewlayered Pristine Graphene”, Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Vol. 1, pp. 10592–10606, 2013.
10. Yuan, B., Zeng, X., Xu, C., Liu, L., Ma, Y.,
Zhang, D., and Fan, Y., “Electrochemical Modification of Graphene Oxide Bearing Different Types of Oxygen Functional Species for the Electro-Catalytic Oxidation of Reduced Glutathione”, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol. 184,
pp. 15-20, 2013.
11. Alanyalıoglu, M., and Segura, J., “The Synthesis
of Graphene Sheets with Controlled Thickness and Order Using Surfactant-Assisted Electrochemical Processes”, Carbon, Vol. 50, pp. 142-152, 2012.
12. Sima, M., Enculescu, I., and Sima, A., “Preparation of Graphene and its Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells”, Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, Vol. 5, pp. 414-418, 2011.
13. Singh, V., Joung, D., Zhai, L., and Das, S., “Graphene Based Materials Past, Present and Future”, Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 56,
pp. 1178-1271, 2011.
14. Singh, V., Patra, M., Manoth, M., Gowd, G., Vadera, S., and Kumar, N., “In Situ Synthesis of Graphene Oxide and its Composites with Iron Oxide”, New Carbon Materials, Vol. 24, pp. 147-152, 2009.
15. Su, C., Lu, A., Xu, Y., and Chen, F., “High Quality Thin Graphene Films from Fast Electrochemical Exfoliation”, ACS NANO, Vol. 5, pp. 232-2339, 2011.
16. Sun, L., “Mass Production of Graphene Oxide from Expanded Graphite”, Materials Letters, Vol. 109,
pp. 207-210, 2013.
17. Terrones, M., Botello-Méndez, A., Campos-Delgado, J., López-Urías, F., and Vega-Cantúd, Y., “Graphene and Graphite Nanoribbons Morphology, Properties, Synthesis, Defects and Applications”, Nano Today, Vol. 5, pp. 351-372, 2010.
18. Yang, H., Hernandez, Y., Schlierf, A., and Felten, A., “A Simple Method for Graphene Production based on Exfoliation of Graphite in Water Using 1-Pyrenesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt”, Carbon, Vol. 53, pp. 357-365, 2013.
19. Yuan, W., Li, B., and Li, L., “A Green Synthetic Approach to Graphene Nanosheets for Hydrogen Adsorption”, Applied Surface Science, Vol. 257,
pp. 10183-10187, 2011.
20. Zhang, D., Liu, X., and Wang, X., “Green Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Sheets Decorated by Silver Nanoprisms and their Anti-Bacterial Properties”, Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, Vol. 105,
pp. 1181-1186, 2011.
21. Taheri Najafabadi, A., and Gyenge, E., “High-Yield Graphene Production by Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite: Novel Ionic Liquid (IL)–Acetonitrile Electrolyte with Low IL Content”, Carbon, Vol. 71,
pp. 58-69, 2014.
22. Zhang, Y., Wang, S., Li, L., Zhang, K., Qiu, J., and Davis, M., “Tuning Electrical Conductivity and Surface Area of Chemically-Exfoliated Graphene through Nanocrystal Functionalization”, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 135, pp. 1057-1063, 2012.
23. Notley, S.M., “Highly Concentrated Aqueous Suspensions of Graphene through Ultrasonic Exfoliation with Continuous Surfactant Addition”, Langmuir, Vol. 28, pp. 14110−14113, 2012.
24. Zhu, Y., Murali, S., Cai, W., Li, X., Suk, J.W., Potts, J.R., and Ruoff, R.S., “Graphene and Graphene Oxide Synthesis, Properties, and Applications”, Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, pp. 3906-3924, 2010.
25. Bykkam, S., and Thunugunta, T., “Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide and its Antimicrobial Activity Against Klebseilla and Staphylococus”, International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, Vol. 4, pp. 142-146, 2013.
26. Parvez, K., Li, R., Puniredd, S.R., Hernandez, Y., Hinkel, F., and Wang, S., “Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene as Solution-Processable, Highly Conductive Electrodes for Organic Electronics”, ACS NANO, Vol. 7, pp. 3598-3606, 2013.
27. Morales, G., Schifani, P., and Ellis, G., “High-Quality Few Layer Graphene Produced by Electrochemical Intercalation and Microwave-Assisted Expansion of Graphite”, Carbon, Vol. 49, pp. 2809-2816, 2011.
28. Zhou, M., Tang, J., Cheng, Q., and Xu, G., “Few-Layer Graphene Obtained by Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite Cathode”, Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 572, pp. 61-65, 2013.
29. Li, D., Li, H., Fu, Y., and Zhang, J., “Critical Micelle Concentrations of Cetyltrimethylammonium Chloride and Their Influence on the Periodic Structure of Mesoporous Silica”, Colloid Journal, Vol. 70, pp. 747-752, 2008.
30. Vadukumpully, S., Paul, J., and Valiyaveettil, S., "Cationic Surfactant Mediated Exfoliation of Graphite into Graphene Flakes”, Carbon, Vol. 47,
pp. 3288-3294, 2009.
31. Saner, B., Okyay, F., and Yürüm, Y., “Utilization of Multiple Graphene Layers in Fuel Cells. 1.: An Improved Technique for the Exfoliation of Graphene-Based Nanosheets from Graphite”, Fuel, Vol. 89, pp. 1903-1910, 2010.
32. Sheka, E.F., and Popova, N.A., “Molecular Theory of Graphene Oxide”, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 15, pp. 13304-13322, 2013.
33. Bai, L., Zhang, D., Xie, W., Zhang, J., and Shen, Z., “A Comparative Study of Electrochemical Performance of Graphene Sheets, Expanded Graphite and Natural Graphite as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries”, Electrochimica Acta,
Vol. 107, pp. 555-561, 2013.
34. Chakrabarti, M.H., Low, C., Brandon, N., Yufit, V., Hashim, M., and Irfand, M., “Progress in the Electrochemical Modification of Graphene-Basedmaterials and their Applications”, Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 107, pp. 425-440, 2013.
35. Basu, S., and Bhattacharyya, P., “Recent Developments on Graphene and Graphene Oxide Based Solid State Gas Sensors”, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol. 173, pp. 1-21, 2012.
36. Stankovich, S., Dikin, D.A., Piner, R.D., and Kohlhaas, K.A., “Synthesis of Graphene-Based Nanosheets via Chemical Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide”, Carbon, Vol. 45, pp. 1558–1565, 2007.

ارتقاء امنیت وب با وف ایرانی