ساخت کانال هدایت عصبی بر پایه گرافن سه‌بعدی/پلیمر برای کاربرد در مهندسی بافت عصب

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده مهندسی مواد، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 ENEA، آژانس ملی انرژی ایتالیا، رم، ایتالیا

3 دپارتمان مهندسی اطلاعات، فراساختارها و انرژی‌های نو، رگیو کالابریا، ایتالیا

4 دانشکده مهندسی برق و انرژی، دانشگاه ساپینزا، رم، ایتالیا

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر گرافن به‌دلیل خواص منحصر به‌فردی چون هدایت الکتریکی بسیار بالا، استحکام مکانیکی بالا، ساختار متخلخل برای تبادل مواد مغذی و مواد زائد، زیست‌سازگاری، امکان بارگذاری دارو، متغیرهای رشد و ... در مهندسی بافت‌های مختلف از جمله در ساخت کانال هدایت عصبی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این پژوهش، ساخت کانال هدایت عصبی بر پایه گرافن سه‌بعدی به‌روش رسوب شیمیایی بخار با گرمایش القایی (ICVD) دنبال شد. گرافن در دمای 1080 درجه سانتی‌گراد روی فوم نیکلی سنتز و نمونه‌ها با استفاده از آنالیز رامان و میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی مشخضه‌یابی شدند. آنالیز رامان نمونه‌ها نشان داد که گرافن سنتز شده به‌صورت گرافن چندلایه‌ توربواستراتیک با عیب‌های بسیار کم است. به‌منظور حذف نیکل از سایکلودودکان به‌عنوان لایه محافظ استفاده شد. بعد از حذف نیکل، گرافن سه‌بعدی به‌دست آمده با استفاده از روش قطره‌ای و غوطه‌وری در محلول پلیمری پلی‌کاپرولاکتون پوشش داده و کانال هدایت عصبی به‌صورت کامپوزیتی از گرافن سه‌بعدی در هسته و پوشش پلیمری پلی‌کاپرولاکتون ساخته شد. مقایسه خواص الکترومکانیکی کانال هدایت کامپوزیتی با کانال پلیمری پلی‌کاپرولاکتون نشان داد که ابتدا حضور گرافن سه‌بعدی باعث افزایش هدایت الکتریکی کانال هدایت کامپوزیتی شده و انتظار می‌رود که ‌این امر بهبود فرایند ترمیم عصب و رشد آکسون‌ها را به‌دنبال داشته باشد. سپس استحکام مکانیکی و انعطاف‌پذیری آن در مقایسه با کانال هدایت پلی‌کاپرولاکتون افزایش یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Fabrication of Nerve Guide Conduit Based on 3D Graphene/ Polymer for Nerve Tissue Engineering

نویسندگان [English]

  • N. Bahremandi Tolou 1
  • H. R. Salimi Jazi 1
  • M. Kharaziha 1
  • N. Lisi 2
  • G. Faggio 3
  • A. Tamburrano 4
1 Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
2 ENEA Casaccia, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy.
3 Università Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Reggio Calabria, Italy.
4 Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Rome, Italy.
چکیده [English]

In recent years, graphene has been considered in various tissue engineering applications such as nerve guide conduits because of its unique properties such as high electrical and mechanical properties, porous structure for exchange of nutritious and waste materials, biocompatible, capability of drug and growth factor delivery. In the current study, nerve guide conduits based on a 3D graphene were synthesized by induction heating chemical vapor deposition (ICVD). Graphene was synthesized on Ni foam template at 1080 ͦC. Fabricated samples were characterized by Raman analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy.  Raman analysis showed that the synthesized graphene is in the form of a turbostratic multilayered graphene with little defects. Cyclododecane (CD) as a temporary protective layer was used to remove nickel. After removing nickel, the free-standing 3D-graphene structure was coated with a polymer (PCL) by drop and dip coating methods to obtain the composite conduit. A comparison of the electromechanical results of the 3D-graphene/PCL conduit and PCL conduit indicated that firstly, grapheme increased the electrical conductivity of the composite conduit which will help promote nerve regeneration and axon growth. Secondly, tensile strength and flexibility of the 3D-graphene/PCL conduit was improved compared to the PCL conduit.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
  • 3D-Graphene
  • Nerve guide conduit
  • PCL
  • Drop coating
  • Dip coating
1. Kayhan, E., “Graphene: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties and Functional Behavior as Catalyst Support and Gas Sensor”, Ms.c Thesis, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, 2013.
2. Sharon, M., Shinohara, H., and Tiwari, A., Graphene: An Introduction to the Fundamentals and Industrial Applications, New Jersey: Wiley, ISBN: 978-1-118-84256-0, 2015.
3. Sharma, D., “Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphene on a Dielectric Subbstrate and Its Characterization”, MSc Thesis, University of Eastern Finland, Department of Physics and Mathematics, 2012.
4. Li, N., Zhang, Q., Gao, S., Song, Q., Huang, R., Wang, L., Liu, L., Dai, J., Tang, M., and Cheng, G., “Three-Dimensional Graphene Foam as a Biocompatible and Conductive Scaffold for Neural Stem Cells”, Scientific Reports, Vol. 3, pp. 1-6, 2013.
5. 5. Golafshan, N., Kharaziha, M., and Fathi, M., “Tough and Conductive Hybrid Graphene-PVA: Alginate Fibrous Scaffolds for Engineering Neural Construct”, Carbon, Vol. 111, pp. 752-763, 2017.
6. Hong, S. W., Lee, J., Kang, S. H., Hwang, E. Y., Hwang, Y. S., Lee, M. H., Han, D. W., and Park, J. C., “Enhanced Neural Cell Adhesion and Neurite Outgrowth on Graphene-Based Biomimetic Substrates”, BioMed Research International, Vol. 2014, pp. 1-8, 2014.
7. Yuan, W., “An 4?bvcntegrated Multi-Layer
3D-Fabrication of PDA/RGD Coated Graphene Loaded PCL Nanoscaffold for Peripheral Nerve Restoration”, Nature Communications, Vol. 9, No. 323, pp. 1-16, 2018.
8. Jakus, A. E., Secor, E. B., Rutz, A. L., Jordan, S. W., Hersam, M. -C., and Shah, R. -N., “Three Dimensional Printing of High-Content Graphene Scaffolds for Electronic and Biomedical Applications”, American Chemical Society, Vol. 9, pp. 4636-4648, 2015.
9. Qin, Z., Jung, G. S., Kang, M. J., and Buehler, M., “The Mechanics and Design of a Lightweight Three-Dimensional Graphene Assembly”, Science Advanced, Vol. 3, e1601536, 2017.
10. Min, Z., Wen-Long, W., and Xue-Dong, B., “Preparing Three-Dimensional Graphene Architectures: Review of Recent Developments”, Chinese Physics B, Vol. 22, No. 9, pp. 1-6, 2013.
11. Chen, Z., Ren, W., Gao, L., Liu, B., Pei, S., and Cheng, H. M., “Three-Dimensional Flexible and Conductive Interconnected Graphene Networks Grown by Chemical Vapour Deposition”, Nature Materials, Vol. 10, pp. 424-428, 2011.
12. Lai, Y. C., Yu, S. C., Rafailov, P. M., Vlaikova, E., Valkov, S., Petrov, S., Koprinarova, J., Terziyska, P., Marinova, V., Lin, S. -H., Yu, P., Chi, G. -C., Dimitrov, D., and Gospodinov, M. M., “Chemical Vapour Deposition Growth of Graphene Layers on Metal Substrates”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 558, p. e 012059, 2014.
13. Trinsoutrot, P., Vergnes, H., and Caussat, B., “Three Dimensional Graphene Synthesis on Nickel Foam by Chemical Vapor Deposition from Ethylene”, Materials Science and Engineering: B, Vol. 179, pp. 12-16, 2014.
14. Kehoe, S., Zhang, X. F., and Boyd, D., “FDA Approved Guidance Conduits and Wraps for Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Review of Materials and Efficacy”, Injury, Vol. 43, pp. 553-572, 2012.
15. Capasso, A., De Francesco, M., Leoni, E., Dikonimos, T., Buonocore, F., Lancellotti, L., Bobeico, E., Sarto, M. S., Tamburrano, A., De Bellis, G., and Lisi, N., “Cyclododecane as Support Material for Clean and Facile Transfer of Large-Area few-Layer Graphene”, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 105, No. 11, p. 113101, 2014.
16. Tan, A. “Optimization of Chemical Vapor Deposition Grown Graphene”, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Physics, Linfield College, McMinnville, 2014.
17. Pollard, B., “Growing Graphene via Chemical Vapor Deposition”, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Physics, Pomona College, 2011.
18. Malard, L. M., Pimenta, M. A., Dresselhaus, G., and Dresselhaus, M. S., “Raman Spectroscopy in Graphene”, Physics Reports, Vol. 473, No. 5-6, pp. 51-87, 2009.
19. Ferrari, A. C., “Determination of Bonding in Diamond-Like Carbon by Raman Spectroscopy”, Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 11, pp. 1053-1061, 2002.
20. Hawaldar, R., Merino, P., Correia, M. R., Bdikin, I., Gracio, J., Mendez, J., Martin-Gago, J. A., and Singh, M. K., “Large-Area High-Throughput Synthesis of Monolayer Graphene Sheet by Hot Filament Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition”, Scientific Reports, Vol. 2, p. 682, 2012.
21. Habibi, A., Khoie, A., FarzadMahboubi, S. M. M., and Urgen, M., “Fast Synthesis of Turbostratic Carbon Thin Coating by Cathodic Plasma Electrolysis”, Thin Solid Films, Vol. 621, pp. 253-258, 2017.
22. Ferrari, A. C., “Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene and Graphite: Disorder, Electron-Phonon Coupling, Doping and Nonadiabatic Effects”, Solid State Communications, Vol. 143, No. 1-2, pp. 47-57, 2007.
23. Calizo, I., Ghosh, S., Bao, W., Miao, F., Ning Lau, C., and Balandin, A. A., “Raman Nanometrology of Graphene: Temperature and Substrate Effects”, Solid State Communications, Vol. 149, No. 27-28, pp. 1132-1135, 2009.
24. Arslantunali, D., Dursun, T., Yucel, D., Hasirci, N., and Hasirci, V., “Peripheral Nerve Conduits: Technology Update”, Medical Devices: Evidence and Research, Vol. 7, pp. 405-524, 2014.
25. Mekaj, A. Y., Morina, A. A., Lajqi, Sh., Manxhuka-Kerliu, S., Kelmendi, F. -M., and Duci, S. -B., “Biomechanical Properties of the Sciatic Nerve Following Repair: Effects of Topical Application of Hyaluronic Acid or Tacrolimus”, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vol. 8, No. 11, pp. 20218-20226, 2015.
26. Zilic, L., Garner, P. E., Yu, T., Roman, S., Haycock, W. J., and Wilshaw, S -P., “An Anatomical Study of Porcine Peripheral Nerve and Its Potential use in Nerve Tissue Engineering”, Journal of Anatomy, Vol. 227, pp. 302-314, 2015.
27. Nieto, A., Boesl, B., and Agarwal, A., “Multi-Scale Intrinsic Deformation Mechanisms of 3D Graphene Foam”, Carbon, Vol. 85, pp. 299-308, 2015.
28. Jia, J., Sun, X., Lin, X., Shen, X., Mai, Y. -W., and Kim, J. -K., “Exceptional Electrical Conductivity and Fracture Resistance of 3D Interconnected Graphene Foam/Epoxy Composites”, ACS Nano, Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 5774-5783, 2014.
29. Idowu, A., Boesl, B., and Agarwal, A., “3D Graphene Foam-Reinforced Polymer Composites – A Review”, Carbon, Vol. 135, pp. 52-71, 2018.
30. Borschel, H. G., Kia, F. K., Kuzon, M. W., and Dennis, G. R., “Mechanical Properties of Acellular Peripheral Nerve”, Journal of Surgical Research, Vol. 114, No. 2, pp. 133-139, 2003.

تحت نظارت وف ایرانی